The Theories Of Criminology And The Riots - 930 Words

Every crime has a correlation with a theory in criminology. These theories explain why crime happens and some even go to the extent to come up with a solution to prevent or stop crime. This paper will explore how certain theories of criminology connect with the riots that happened in Ferguson, Missouri. Facts from different articles will be used to back up the theory. The theories will explain why rioters committed the crimes did. The paper will take the actions of the protestors and explain why they did what they did. Theories of Criminology and their Correlations With The Ferguson Riots. Theories of criminology were developed centuries ago so people can go in depth to seek what cause crime and why. In some cases these theories can eve go to the extent to prevent the crimes from happening again. Over the years more theories have been developed and the theories that have already been developed have been added to so they fit a larger spectrum. What cause a person to commit a crime and why would they commit a certain crime over another? These theories that have been developed give us an insight to the answer of these questions. These theories are used so Criminologist can have a better understanding of crime such as the Ferguson, Missouri riots that took place after the August of 2014. To begin with, one example of the theories of criminology is Subcultural Theory. In the book Criminology Today, James Schmalleger (2015) defines Subcultural Theory as â€Å"a sociologicalShow MoreRelated3 Key Differences between Orthodox and Critical Criminologies762 W ords   |  3 Pagescritical criminologies? Use examples of readings that reflect both criminologies to illustrate your response. Orthodox criminology refers to the how criminologists accept the states ideas of crime without thinking of power relations. This thinking is shared by everyone and becomes a universal idea and these ideas are in the interests of everyone. However, certain groups of individuals are targeted and blamed for crimes based on their class, race, gender, sexuality and more. The theory of CriticalRead MoreUsing a Particular Service User Group Critically Analyse the Theoretical Principles with Regard to Social Justice and Social Exclusion1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2011 London riots had many implications for society especially for young people; this essay seeks to analytically and critically discuss young offenders involved, using social exclusion and social justice as the main focus. This piece of work will briefly look at the historical context of social exclusion and social justice to create a platform, it will then move on to theoretical principles which offer an understanding of socia l exclusion and social justice. The implications of social exclusionRead MoreExplanation to Crime and Deviancy Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pages True Crime or Moral Panic? Evaluate and apply sociological theories relating to crime and deviance Explanations of Crime and Deviancy Crime - an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law. Deviance-the fact or state of diverging from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. Crime and deviance are seemingly effortlessly defined by the Oxford dictionary. However sociological prospectives have differing views on crime and the explanationsRead MoreCriminology - Causes of the 2011 London Riots4495 Words   |  18 PagesCriminology Coursework – Assessing the riots... Criminology is focused on the attempt to understand the meanings involved in social interaction. Theorists have tried to explain sociological behaviour by looking at the patterns created by individuals that commit crime. The August 2011 riots are pivotal in explaining criminological behaviour since official statistics show that 865 individuals were put in prison by the 9th September 2011 for offences related to the disorder between 6th and 9th AugustRead MoreCriminal Activity And Its Control1851 Words   |  8 Pagescontemporary criminology such as realist and critical challenge popular representations, commonsensical images and explanations of crime and its control. Contemporary criminology uses scientific methodology, creating research data that looks at the larger issue of crime, being the social construct of ever altering societies and cultures. Contemporary criminology contains a wide range of theoretical approaches from which all take stands against the older theories like Lombroso’s classic theory ‘Born criminals’Read MorePsychological Elements of the Crowd Essays1552 Words   |  7 PagesConforming to Riots: Psychological Elements of the Crowd I. Introduction From a psychological standpoint, crowds have been an elusive, enigmatic and frightening phenomenon; the nuances of the human mind in itself are elements which evoke worlds of study on their own, let alone the implications of attempting to analyze a collective of such minds. However, the study of crowd psychology is obligatory to enhance knowledge in many a field of study, including criminology and political science. Society’sRead MoreStrain Theory And Its Impact On Society1736 Words   |  7 PagesStrain theory is a `more prominent issue in today’s world than many seem to think. Strain theory is the answer to several of life’s greatest questions, including, â€Å"Why do people riot?† and â€Å"Why are people pressured to live a life of crime?† The answer to that is strain theory: certain individuals fall into the pressure that the rest of society puts on everyone, that in order to be worth something and respected, they must be of a certain status. In order to be deemed worthy of others, everyone mustRead MoreA Brief Note On Crime And Its Effect On Society838 Words   |  4 Pages31: Criminology How much crime exists in the UK? P1,P2 Crime in relation to deviance is similar, outcomes and consequences differ but the principle is the same. Crime is possibly relative to society, interpreted by based views and morals built up on normative judgement. In the latter, one could say society creates deviants resulting in crime. If there was no laws to be broken then crime would not exist. Norms in society are the foundations of evil and good, people use norms as a way to perceiveRead MoreThe Birth Of Criminology And The Early 19th Century1495 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Since the birth of criminology in the late 19th century, dozens of theorists have offered different perspectives on the different aspects of crime. These theories have had a basis in a wide range of ideas, from biology to sociology, to psychology and even anthropological. Some of these theories have been said to withstand the test of time, and even been used as building blocks for newer theories. Others, however, have been deemed â€Å"bad† theories, or simply have not held up to the passage ofRead More How Crime and Deviance Can Be Seen As Functional for Society1723 Words   |  7 Pages Crime and deviance are acts that will elicit dissent from society. They take various forms and involve various concepts and theories. It will be the aim of this paper to explore those that are considered to be functional for society. It was Emile Durkheim who first clearly established the logic behind the functional approach to the study of crime and deviance[1] when he wrote The Rules of Sociological Method and The Division of Labour[2]. In those works, Durkheim

Coral Bleaching - 793 Words

Coral Bleaching Abstract Coral reefs have been called the rainforests of the ocean and are one of the most diverse and important ecosystems on the planet. This paper will explore how global warming has effected these fragile ecosystems. It will focus on the impact of increasing ocean temperatures on coral reefs. Coral Reefs Coral reefs exist globally from 30N to 30S latitude and have existed in some form on Earth for over 200 million years. Over 2500 species of coral have been identified 1000 of which are reef building hard coral. Reefs are actually limestone structures produced by small animals called coral polyps. These polyps contain unicellular plants (algae) called zooxanthellae in their tissue. They have a symbiotic†¦show more content†¦As more of the sun’s energy is retained by increasing greenhouse gases, the earth’s oceans are heating up. This can be seen by an increase in average water temperature and warm water anomalies (water temperature over the average). Coral Bleaching Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps are stressed. One form of stress on the coral is an increase in temperature. Often a one degree Celsius elevation in the monthly mean maximum temperature is enough to cause bleaching. Bleaching is the process of the coral polyps expelling the zooxanthallae. The polyps are left without any pigmentation and appear nearly transparent. All that can be seen is the white limestone skeleton. Corals normally recover from this bleaching unless high ocean temperatures persist for too long a period or become too warm to permit recovery. The bleaching events reported prior to the 1980’s were generally attributed to localized phenomena such as major storm events, sever tidal exposures, sedimentation, rapid salinity changes, pollution or thermal shock. The events since 1980 have not been so easily explained. Numerous laboratory studies have shown a direct relationship between bleaching and water temperature stress†¦Normally, he said (Dr. Suraphol), it would take at least 2-3 years for the bleached corals to start to recover. (ReefPage) if the temperature increase of one or two degrees Celsius, predicted by the IntergovernmentalShow MoreRelatedCoral Bleaching Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesCoral Bleaching Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystem on the planet. There are more than 25,000 known species of organisms and countless others that have yet to be identified (Helvarg, 2000). Reefs thrive on the shallow edge of tropical seas, most often on the eastern edge of continents along warm water currents that brush the coasts. Reefs cannot live in cold waters and are limited by ocean depth and available sunlight. Coral is the foundation of the reef community, providing aRead MoreThe Effects Of Bleaching On Coral Reefs1612 Words   |  7 Pagesmarvelous selection of coral reefs all of which house copious species of coral. Many of these coral are the key element in a marine ecosystem by providing food, shelter and protection for the underwater community. However, this ecosystem is threatened due to the events of coral bleaching, as this event kills the coral and the creatures dependent on them. Without coral, these creatures will become more vulnerable and may be at risk of endan germent or extinction. Bleaching doesn’t just affect theRead More Coral Reefs And Bleaching Phenomenon Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pageswe will find an equally dynamic environment in the depths of our world’s coral reefs. As a Zoology major, I quickly decided to explore this biological component of the ocean environment. In the following paper, I will provide a general overview of coral reefs and examine the alarming depletion of coral and their ecological symbionts in a process known as coral bleaching. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As mentioned earlier, coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive of all communities on EarthRead MoreCoral Bleaching And Its Impact On Coral Reef Ecosystems1698 Words   |  7 Pagescurrently know about coral bleaching and its impact on coral reef ecosystems. It analyses the scientific evidence linking coral bleaching to climate change and other anthropogenic activities. It also focuses on the importance of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs, and the socio-economic and environmental impacts of coral bleaching. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations and mitigation strategies to slow down the rate of coral bleaching, thus allowing coral reefs to adapt and developRead More Bleaching Away the Beauty of Coral Reefs Essay2308 Words   |  10 Pagesstart surveying the coral reefs around you, something catches your eye. The coral has turned white, and no longer moves with life. This whiteness seems to have spread over a large area of t he reef. You no longer see the colorful branches swaying in the current, or the schools of tropical fish swimming through the leaves. This death-ridden reef will never have the same life it once had. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This phenomenon is known as coral reef bleaching. This makes corals unattractive andRead MoreCoral Reef Bleaching : A Serious Problem That Should Be Addressed Immediately844 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Paper Coral reef bleaching is a serious problem that should be addressed immediately. Coral reef bleaching is an issue because of the damage done to the coral, and the damage done to the ecosystem associated with coral reefs. Some proposed solutions are that more areas of coral reefs should be protected, and sunscreens should be banned in and near the reefs. Coral reefs are living structures comprised of the exoskeletons of a marine organism known as polyps. Polyps are animals thatRead MoreThe Bleaching Of Coral And Its Effects On Human Activities976 Words   |  4 PagesCorals are greatly complex organisms that help buffer the ocean and provided an ecosystem for many other marine organisms but the coral and therefore these ecosystems are in immense threat. The decrease of coral cover is increasing with a 50% decrease seen from the years 1985-2012 (1). This is not just due to the natural threats of predators like COTS and large scale weather events like cyclones but also due to human activities such as overfishing, pollution, disturbance in the reef and global warmingRead MoreEssay about Bleaching of Coral is Harming the Environment2094 Words   |  9 PagesMETHODS Bleaching occurrences have happened before the 1980s; however detailed information could not be gathered due to lack of reporting (Berkelmans, De’ath and Kininmonth). In 1911, the first bleaching event was reported at Bird Key Reef in the Florida Keys, in which unfamiliar warm weathers caused â€Å"injury† upon the corals and the death of many fishes (Berkelmans, De’ath and Kininmonth). In 1998, the worst bleaching event was recorded. In some parts of the world, live corals were completely harmedRead MoreBleaching Away the Beauty of Coral Reefs2340 Words   |  10 PagesBleaching Away the Beauty of Coral Reefs Pretend you are about to go scuba diving in the ocean. You jump in the water and begin to sink down. As you start surveying the coral reefs around you, something catches your eye. The coral has turned white, and no longer moves with life. This whiteness seems to have spread over a large area of the reef. You no longer see the colorful branches swaying in the current, or the schools of tropical fish swimming through the leaves. This death-ridden reefRead More The Effects of Global Warming On Coral Reefs Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Global Warming On Coral Reefs Graphs Missing Introduction: The effects of global warming touch every human, animal, plant, ocean, landmass, and atmosphere level on this planet. The numerous effects of global warming are mixes of good and bad results, depending on how your definition of good results and bad results are. A good effect, a person could say, would be for regions with normally cold temperatures to receive warmer temperatures for their normal. Yet, there are

Managing Innovation in Organisation for 3D Printing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManaging Innovation in Organisation for 3D Printing. Answer: Introduction In past few decades, the technology has developed at a rapid speed due to a number of innovations. Major technological advancements resulted in improving people lives and making their work easier. This report will focus on 3D printing technology and analyse how it has marked as a major progress milestone in the technology sector. The 3D Printing technology is also called Additive manufacturing because it creates new objects or products by adding layers (McMenamin, Quayle, McHenry Adams, 2014). Other traditional forms of manufacturing are called subtractive manufacturing because they subtract material from objects in order to create new once. The 3D Printing technology has the potential to change manufacturing industry and positively influence peoples lives. This report will focus on manufacturing area of 3D printing technology and discuss its subtypes. This report will examine the major milestones in the 3D Printing technology and evaluate how it has affected organisations managemen t approach by analysing different examples. Further, this report will provide three future developments for 3D Printing technology by analysing its future influence. Area and Subtypes of 3D printing The 3D printing technology was first introduced in 1986 when Charles Hull created first ever 3D printer. After that, the technology has branched into different fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, production and others (Mueller, 2012). The area in which 3D printing technology has influenced the most is manufacturing field. 3D printing in Manufacturing Additive manufacturing process is most suitable for the production of new products or objects because of its number of benefits such as zero wastage, easy creation of complex objects, high level of detailing and others. Many manufacturing companies started investing in 3D printing technology in order to take its full advantage in their production operations (Vaezi, Seitz Yang, 2013)). Use of 3D printing in production process allows organisations to reduce material costs in the process. It has the potential to make manufacturing process extremely precise and infinite. The technology did not subtract materials which reduce the requirement for extra material. With the advancement of technology, the 3D printing technology is also able to use different materials in the production process which provide different options to manufacturers. It also reduces the requirement of labour costs since it is an automated process and does not require a large number of employees to work properly (Wong Hernandez, 2012). Therefore, it can be stated that 3D printing has a substantial influence on the manufacturing field and its different areas. Subtypes of 3D printing Following are different subtypes of 3D printing technology which can be used by organisations for different purposes. Vat Photopolymerisation In this process, a 3D printer is used that has a container filled with photopolymer resin which is hardened by use of a UV light. Stereolithography (SLA): In this process, an ultraviolet light hardened the curable photopolymer by tracing and creating cross sections on the surface of liquid resin (Wang, Goyanes, Gaisford Basit, 2016). Digital Light Processing (DLP): In this method, companies use light and photosensitive polymers to create new objects; it is very similar to Material Jetting In this method, the material is applied in the droplet by using a small diameter nozzle. This method is similar to a common inkjet paper printer; however, in this process, the material is applied layer-by-layer to create a 3D object (Gaytan et al., 2015). Contour Crafting This process uses the power of additive manufacturing to build houses for people. It uses the robotic device in order to automate the construction of large structures like houses. Most Importance Milestones Other than the first introduction of a 3D printer in 1986 by Charles Hull, the technology has further developed substantially by marking a number of major process milestones. Following are few of its examples. Industrial After building of first ever 3D printer by Charles Hull, the patent for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) was applied by Carl Deckard (Mazzoli, 2013). In the automotive industry, Ford introduced first every 3D printer in 1986 for prototyping new part designs. Similarly, Boeing started using 3D printing technology for creating complex aircrafts parts which cannot otherwise be created at the high level of accuracy. In 2014, BAE Systems started using 3D printers for creating metal components for defence, security and aerospace purposes (Harwood, 2017). Medical 3D printing technology has made it easier and cheaper to create prosthetic parts, such as legs and arms. The technology has made it easier for corporations to create these parts with a high level of accuracy and making them easily available for people who require them worldwide. From 1999 to 2010, the 3D printing technology started revolutionising the medical industry and at the same time, first ever human organ created using a 3D printer which was a human bladder. After that, it becomes easier for healthcare professionals to create blood vessels, miniature kidney, and other human organs (Ventola, 2014). The researchers at Wake Forest Institute were able to use 3D printing technology for creating human skin which was a major milestone. Commercial From 2009, it has become easier for small start-ups and organisations to offer affordable 3D printers to the general public which they can use to build different 3D printed objects. The commercialisation of 3D printing technology is major milestone, and it will provide substantial business opportunities to a large number of organisations (Stabile, Scungio, Buonanno, Arpino Ficco, 2017). Technological In 2016, giant technology corporations such as Hewlett Packard and General Electric started investing in space technology. HPs Multi Jet Fusion technology is based on 3D printing technology which enables the firm to create spaceship components which require a high level of accuracy (Materialise, 2018). Effect of 3D printing technology on Organisations Following are different companies which harness the potential of 3D printing technology and use it to gain a competitive advantage. General Electric The company use 3D printers to create more than 85,000 fuel nozzles for Leap jet engines. The finished products from 3D printers are much lighter and accurate then compared to its alternatives which reduce its overall costs. The management is able to ensure that parts are created by using low costs materials, and the components are created with high level of accuracy. However, the ability of 3D printers to create new nozzles is relatively slower which require innovations to speed up the process (Conner et al., 2014). Boeing Boeing was an early adopter of 3D printing technology, and it has used the technology to create more than 20,000 parts for ten different commercial and military planes. The management also invests in additive manufacturing programs in University of Nottingham and University of Sheffield in order to ensure that they are able to improve the technology and use it in mass production (Lipson Kurman, 2013). Ford The management of Ford realised the potential of 3D printing technology from the early 1980s, and recently the company printed its 500,000th part by using a 3D printer. The management has invested in 3D printing technology because by using traditional methods it would take around four mounts and $500,000 to create its products whereas 3D printers are able to do the same job in four days and $3,000 (Ford, 2015). Therefore, 3D printing technology provides a competitive advantage to Ford over its competitors because the firm is able to reduce its time and resources in the production process. Recommendations Following are three recommendations for future development of 3D printing technology for organisations which can assist them in gaining a competitive advantage. Additive manufacturing is the future of production operations, and organisations are requiring investing in the technology in order to gain competitive advantage. The leading corporations such as General Electric, Ford and Boeing realised the potential of 3D printing technology in the 1980s, and they started investing in the technology which provided them a competitive advantage. Similarly, other manufacturing companies should invest in using 3D printers in their manufacturing process to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. The companies should invest in 3D printing technologys research and development programs for developing the technology. Although the technology has grown substantially since its first introduction in the 1980s, however, it has not achieved its full potential. Similarly, like Boeing, corporations should invest in 3D printing programs for developing the technology and making it more suitable for their operations. 3D printers offer a prominent market to organisations, and they should invest in creating more affordable printers for the general public. In the future, people will be able to create new objects at home by using 3D printers which will disrupt the manufacturing industry. Therefore, organisations and start-ups should invest in creating affordable and easy 3D printers for people. Conclusion In conclusion, the 3D printing technology was first developed in the 1980s, and it has developed exponentially since then. The technology enables organisations and people to create complex objects easily and in relatively less time than compared to traditional methods of productions. The technology has a substantial influence on manufacturing field since it enables companies to create new objects without expensive machinery and labour. Major milestones of the technology in different field such as medical, productions, commercial and technology are discussed in the report. The technology has affected management approach in organisations such as Ford, General Electric and Boeing since it allows them to create complex machinery components without incurring heavy costs. Various recommendations are given in the report for organisations regarding 3D printing technology such as increases in investment in 3D printers will allow them to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of operations. Organisations should increase the investment in research and development of 3D printing technology, and they should introduce new commercial 3D printers for the general public. These recommendations can assist organisations in using 3D printing technology effectively which will provide a competitive advantage and sustain their future growth. References Conner, B. P., Manogharan, G. P., Martof, A. N., Rodomsky, L. M., Rodomsky, C. M., Jordan, D. C., Limperos, J. W. 2014. Making sense of 3-D printing: Creating a map of additive manufacturing products and services.Additive Manufacturing,1, 64-76. Ford. 2015. 3d Printing Helps Ford to Develop All-New Ford GT And Means You Can Build A Supercar At Home. Retrieved from https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/feu/gb/en/news/2015/11/20/3d-printing-helps-ford-to-develop-all-new-ford-gt--and-means-you.html Gaytan, S. M., Cadena, M. A., Karim, H., Delfin, D., Lin, Y., Espalin, D., ... Wicker, R. B. 2015. Fabrication of barium titanate by binder jetting additive manufacturing technology.Ceramics International,41(5), 6610-6619. Harwood, E. 2017. Major Milestones for Additive Manufacturing Companies. Retrieved from https://investingnews.com/daily/tech-investing/3d-printing-investing/major-milestones-additive-manufacturing-companies/ Lipson, H., Kurman, M. 2013.Fabricated: The new world of 3D printing. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Materialise. 2018. Polyamide 3D printing, without the lasers. Retrieved from https://www.materialise.com/en/manufacturing/3d-printing-technology/multi-jet-fusion Mazzoli, A. 2013. Selective laser sintering in biomedical engineering.Medical biological engineering computing,51(3), 245-256. McMenamin, P. G., Quayle, M. R., McHenry, C. R., Adams, J. W. 2014. The production of anatomical teaching resources using three?dimensional (3D) printing technology.Anatomical sciences education,7(6), 479-486. Mueller, B. 2012. Additive manufacturing technologiesRapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing.Assembly Automation,32(2). Stabile, L., Scungio, M., Buonanno, G., Arpino, F., Ficco, G. 2017. Airborne particle emission of a commercial 3D printer: the effect of filament material and printing temperature.Indoor air,27(2), 398-408. Vaezi, M., Seitz, H., Yang, S. 2013. A review on 3D micro-additive manufacturing technologies.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,67(5-8), 1721-1754. Ventola, C. L. 2014. Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses.Pharmacy and Therapeutics,39(10), 704. Wang, J., Goyanes, A., Gaisford, S., Basit, A. W. 2016. Stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing of oral modified-release dosage forms.International journal of pharmaceutics,503(1-2), 207-212. Wong, K. V., Hernandez, A. 2012. A review of additive manufacturing.ISRN Mechanical Engineering,2012.

The One Ring to Rule a Subculture free essay sample

To study culture is to study the linking motivations and behaviors of society, The way of life of a group of people, including symbols, values, behaviors, artifacts, and other shared aspects, which continually evolves as people share messages (Baldwin). If individuals are the varied indigents in a soup, culture is the stock that complements the different tastes and brings them into a cohesive recipe. As the definition states, culture is continuously evolving, but dramatic changes can be facilitated by catalysts such as the Lord Of the Rings.Written by John Ronald Rule Tolkien, LOTT has transcended typical cultural boundaries of geographic location, race, and age through the collective love and admiration by hundreds of thousands from around the world. LOTT fans have created their own subculture that has beliefs and behaviors that are different from the main groups within a culture which have been active since the sasss and in recent times been revived by the massive success of the film adaptations. We will write a custom essay sample on The One Ring to Rule a Subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theres inherent differences between the LOTT fantod of the sasss and the sasss but regardless the Ringers have influenced not only popular culture but also countries as a whole.Literature Review: The 1 asss was a turbulent period in American culture, characterized by the many extremes of the era. The promise of the New Deal and an enlightened society raised the baby boomer generation on the belief that America was focused on eliminating social inequality and injustice, but rapid arbitration continued racism, and most importantly the Vietnam War, had created a stark contrast of the promises and reality of the time. If we apply Hypotheses four cultural dimensions to asss thered be two contrasting cultures which are almost mirror representations of each other.The majority culture was on the right characterized by older age, a high power distance, masculinity affinity, and uncertainty avoidance, and individualistic values. While the younger left were at the opposite side of the spectrum . The right wing desired structure, valued more male orientated emotional rules like competition and directness, valued social status and government control, and valued individualistic goals. The hippie left valued more female orientated emotional rules like cooperation and gender equality, were completely anti-establishment and overspent, and lived for community and harmony.This duality of culture and counter culture was how asss society was divided, and many of the trends that arises were aimed at catering to one of the social groups. Not LOTT. LOTT fantod was one Of the few trends that was cable Of overcoming social division in a time where choosing a side was a cultural norm. After the release of the first volume in 1 959, The Fellowship of the Ring was created. Composed of literary scholars, The Fellowship was the very first community of LOTT super fans who looked at the scientific aspects of Toolkits MiddleEarth. Membership was based on the requirement that individuals publish research papers on aspects such as the elfish language and geography of Middle Earth, but those who didnt directly contribute to scholarly discussions could purchase many of the groups publications and be indirectly associated. This sub-community was relatively exclusive and respected the high culture aspects of being a LOTT fan The activities and expressions that represented what people believed to be Intellectual refinement (Baldwin), but Tolkien fantod would see a boom following the mass availability of the novels by id asss. The hippie movement resonated with the books message of overcoming trials and tribulations by a force thats intent on destroying anything natural. Sharon and his evil cohorts were the far overbearing hands of the government, and the hobbit of the Shire were the peace loving hippies who, through collaboration of the many races of Middle Earth, triumphed over evils advances. This message of oneness regardless of race and social Status perfectly complemented the hippie movement who used the books as another mean for promoting community. The novels also directly prioritize he preservation of nature and harmony another commonality between the hippie counterculture and LOTT. Between The Fellowship and the Ringer hippies LOTT fantod was unique to the 1 asss because despite the subcultures involved both wings of the society they were bound to each other by their love for Toolkits magnum opus.Tolkien fantod activity would slow down by the end of the asss but the Ringers spread out in society becoming environmental activists, politicians, actors/actresses, entertainers, and professors. But one Ringer is of particular interest, its reasonable to say hes he most well-known Tolkien and that hes the primary reason LOTT is a pop-culture phenomena today. Peter Jackson revalidated the LOTT sub community as well as created a whole new community thats based on the media age.The massive success of the LOTT and Hobbit film adaptations have ushered in a new Ringer, one thats international, much broader in terms of age, and is equally passionate for the epic fantasy series as the Ringers before. These new Ringers have embraced global media Sources of mass communications that involve the transmission of messages, formats, arrogating or content across national boundaries(Baldwin) and have used technology to facilitate global channels of communication such as online discussion forums to create cultural identity.Conclusion/Results: In conclusion even though the different eras of Tolkien fantod is a result of the different times, according to the similarity-attraction hypothesis A research proposition that the more similar we are to people, the more we will grow to like Tolkien fans should be bonded together through their love for LOTT And thats evident in the Ringer society today, Thundering. Mom is the current headquarters for the Tolkien super fan and is the activity center for everything LOTT.During the production of the films Jackson and actors involved were active on the website, providing filming updates and discussing their love for LOT R. Certify that have composed this writing from my own thoughts. All materials used to assist in this document have been properly referenced. I understand the penalty of copying work and confirm that this writing has not been popularized.